Tag: modules

RSI: Safe RSI in the ED

Performing Rapid Sequence Intubation safely in the ED.

Key points:

RSI in the ED is a dangerous undertaking. Focus on these 4 areas to improve safety:

  1. Patient
  2. Team
  3. Plans
  4. Equipment

 

Show Notes:

ED vs Anaesthesia

Higher complication rate in ED, with higher case fatality rate when complications develop.

Incidence of death or brain damage from an airway event 38x higher in ED, and 58x higher in ICU, compared with anaesthesia.

Anaesthesia 1:150,000, ED 1:4000, ICU 1:2600

More can be found here (EMCrit) and here (NAP4)

 

Checklists

Read Tim Leeuwenburg evidence-based talk here

Other checklist links available here

 

Risk Assessment

We don’t have evidence that doing a risk assessment in beneficial, but we have evidence that not doing it is harmful (NAP4)

 

Positioning:

Levitan’s ear-to-sternal notch positioning

Find out about ramping here and here (EMUpdates)

See also the PreOx, ReOx paper by Weingart & Levitan

 

Pre-oxygenation

Preoxygenation, Reoxygenation and Deoxygenation – EMCrit

Covers Pre-oxygenation with CPAP in the hypoxic patient – watch the 2 videos

Preoxygenation and Prevention of Desaturation During Emergency Airway Management article by Scott Weingart and Rich Levitan – a must read

RebelEM – a nice summary and explanation of the above paper

http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/preoxygenation/ – LITFL’s overview

The problem with the BVM for pre-oxygenation – Nick Crimes

 

Apnoeic oxygenation

NO DESAT! – Rich Levitan

PulmCrit – an in-depth discussion by Josh Farkas, including the THRIVE study

http://lifeinthefastlane.com/ccc/apnoeic-oxygenation/ – LITFL’s overview

Apnoeic oxygen relies on an open airway, so we have to maintain a jaw thrust.

NCs buy you more time, in normal, obese and hypoxic patients.

High-flow NC would be even better, but are complicated because getting a BVM seal over them is not possible

 

Failed Airway Plans

Failing to plan for failure increases risk (NAP4)

Vortex available here and other difficult airway plans available here (LITFL)

 

Post-Intubation Checklist

Find out more about the post-intubation package from EMCrit and download the checklist here

 

Lung-protective Ventilation

Protective lung ventilation is the current standard of care for mechanical ventilation, and includes low tidal volumes (4-8 mL/kg predicted/ideal body weight, not actual body weight) as well as low pressures. It reduces mortality both in patients with ARDS and those without. Find out more on LITFL.

Thanks,

Stacy

New ANZCOR resus guidelines

ANZCOR have updated their guidelines.

The main changes – as summarised by Dr Stacy Turner:

ALS
Defibrillation – can increase 2nd shock energy to maximum available on defib, if first shock unsuccessful.
Cooling anywhere between 32-36 degrees.
Post-ROSC PCI – immediate in STEMI, new LBBBB and selected patients if coronary ischaemia is considered the likely cause on clinical grounds (although Level of Evidence III – poor)

BLS
Chest compressions now 100-120/min instead of 100

Neonatal
For term babies, start with air, not oxygen; for pre-term babies start at 21-30% O2, then titrate O2 to sats (minimum at 1min 60%, 2min 65%, 3min 70%, 4min 75%, 5min 80%, 10min 85%)

Paediatric
Chest compressions now 100-120/min instead of 100
Cooling anywhere between 32-36 degrees post ROSC

First Aid
C-spine collars for suspected spinal injuries by any first aid provider in the pre-hospital environment no longer recommended